Shortly after React Native was introduced, we started releasing every two weeks to help the community adopt new features, while keeping versions stable for production use. At Facebook we had to stabilize the codebase every two weeks for the release of our production iOS apps, so we decided to release the open source versions at the same pace. Now, many of the Facebook apps ship once per week, especially on Android. Because we ship from master weekly, we need to keep it quite stable. So the bi-weekly release cadence doesn't even benefit internal contributors anymore.

We frequently hear feedback from the community that the release rate is hard to keep up with. Tools like Expo had to skip every other release in order to manage the rapid change in version. So it seems clear that the bi-weekly releases did not serve the community well.

Now releasing monthly​

We're happy to announce the new monthly release cadence, and the December 2016 release, v0.40 , which has been stabilizing for all last month and is ready to adopt. (Just make sure to update headers in your native modules on iOS).

Although it may vary a few days to avoid weekends or handle unforeseen issues, you can now expect a given release to be available on the first day of the month, and released on the last.

Use the current month for the best support​

The January release candidate is ready to try, and you can see what's new here.

To see what changes are coming and provide better feedback to React Native contributors, always use the current month's release candidate when possible. By the time each version is released at the end of the month, the changes it contains will have been shipped in production Facebook apps for over two weeks.

You can easily upgrade your app with the new react-native-git-upgrade command:

npm install -g react-native-git-upgrade
react-native-git-upgrade 0.41.0-rc.0

We hope this simpler approach will make it easier for the community to keep track of changes in React Native, and to adopt new versions as quickly as possible!

(Thanks go to Martin Konicek for coming up with this plan and Mike Grabowski for making it happen)

For the past year, we've been working on improving performance of animations that use the Animated library. Animations are very important to create a beautiful user experience but can also be hard to do right. We want to make it easy for developers to create performant animations without having to worry about some of their code causing it to lag.

What is this?​

The Animated API was designed with a very important constraint in mind, it is serializable. This means we can send everything about the animation to native before it has even started and allows native code to perform the animation on the UI thread without having to go through the bridge on every frame. It is very useful because once the animation has started, the JS thread can be blocked and the animation will still run smoothly. In practice this can happen a lot because user code runs on the JS thread and React renders can also lock JS for a long time.

A bit of history...​

This project started about a year ago, when Expo built the li.st app on Android. Krzysztof Magiera was contracted to build the initial implementation on Android. It ended up working well and li.st was the first app to ship with native driven animations using Animated. A few months later, Brandon Withrow built the initial implementation on iOS. After that, Ryan Gomba and myself worked on adding missing features like support for Animated.event as well as squash bugs we found when using it in production apps. This was truly a community effort and I would like to thanks everyone that was involved as well as Expo for sponsoring a large part of the development. It is now used by Touchable components in React Native as well as for navigation animations in the newly released React Navigation library.

How does it work?​

First, let's check out how animations currently work using Animated with the JS driver. When using Animated, you declare a graph of nodes that represent the animations that you want to perform, and then use a driver to update an Animated value using a predefined curve. You may also update an Animated value by connecting it to an event of a View using Animated.event .

Here's a breakdown of the steps for an animation and where it happens:

• JS: The animation driver uses requestAnimationFrame to execute on every frame and update the value it drives using the new value it calculates based on the animation curve.
• JS: Intermediate values are calculated and passed to a props node that is attached to a View .
• JS: The View is updated using setNativeProps .
• JS to Native bridge.
• Native: The UIView or android.View is updated.

As you can see, most of the work happens on the JS thread. If it is blocked the animation will skip frames. It also needs to go through the JS to Native bridge on every frame to update native views.

What the native driver does is move all of these steps to native. Since Animated produces a graph of animated nodes, it can be serialized and sent to native only once when the animation starts, eliminating the need to callback into the JS thread; the native code can take care of updating the views directly on the UI thread on every frame.

Here's an example of how we can serialize an animated value and an interpolation node (not the exact implementation, just an example).

Create the native value node, this is the value that will be animated:

NativeAnimatedModule.createNode({
  id: 1,
  type: 'value',
  initialValue: 0,
});

Create the native interpolation node, this tells the native driver how to interpolate a value:

NativeAnimatedModule.createNode({
  id: 2,
  type: 'interpolation',
  inputRange: [0, 10],
  outputRange: [10, 0],
  extrapolate: 'clamp',
});

Create the native props node, this tells the native driver which prop on the view it is attached to:

NativeAnimatedModule.createNode({
  id: 3,
  type: 'props',
  properties: ['style.opacity'],
});

Connect nodes together:

NativeAnimatedModule.connectNodes(1, 2);
NativeAnimatedModule.connectNodes(2, 3);

Connect the props node to a view:

NativeAnimatedModule.connectToView(3, ReactNative.findNodeHandle(viewRef));

With that, the native animated module has all the info it needs to update the native views directly without having to go to JS to calculate any value.

All there is left to do is actually start the animation by specifying what type of animation curve we want and what animated value to update. Timing animations can also be simplified by calculating every frame of the animation in advance in JS to make the native implementation smaller.

NativeAnimatedModule.startAnimation({
  type: 'timing',
  frames: [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.65, ...],
  animatedValueId: 1,
});

And now here's the breakdown of what happens when the animation runs:

• Native: The native animation driver uses CADisplayLink or android.view.Choreographer to execute on every frame and update the value it drives using the new value it calculates based on the animation curve.
• Native: Intermediate values are calculated and passed to a props node that is attached to a native view.
• Native: The UIView or android.View is updated.

As you can see, no more JS thread and no more bridge which means faster animations! 🎉🎉

How do I use this in my app?​

For normal animations the answer is simple, just add useNativeDriver: true to the animation config when starting it.

Before:

Animated.timing(this.state.animatedValue, {
  toValue: 1,
  duration: 500,
}).start();

After:

Animated.timing(this.state.animatedValue, {
  toValue: 1,
  duration: 500,
  useNativeDriver: true, // <-- Add this
}).start();

Animated values are only compatible with one driver so if you use native driver when starting an animation on a value, make sure every animation on that value also uses the native driver.

It also works with Animated.event , this is very useful if you have an animation that must follow the scroll position because without the native driver it will always run a frame behind of the gesture because of the async nature of React Native.

Before:

<ScrollView
  scrollEventThrottle={16}
  onScroll={Animated.event(
    [{ nativeEvent: { contentOffset: { y: this.state.animatedValue } } }]
  )}
>
  {content}
</ScrollView>

After:

<Animated.ScrollView // <-- Use the Animated ScrollView wrapper
  scrollEventThrottle={1} // <-- Use 1 here to make sure no events are ever missed
  onScroll={Animated.event(
    [{ nativeEvent: { contentOffset: { y: this.state.animatedValue } } }],
    { useNativeDriver: true } // <-- Add this
  )}
>
  {content}
</Animated.ScrollView>

Caveats​

Not everything you can do with Animated is currently supported in Native Animated. The main limitation is that you can only animate non-layout properties, things like transform and opacity will work but Flexbox and position properties won't. Another one is with Animated.event , it will only work with direct events and not bubbling events. This means it does not work with PanResponder but does work with things like ScrollView#onScroll .

Native Animated has also been part of React Native for quite a while but has never been documented because it was considered experimental. Because of that make sure you are using a recent version (0.40+) of React Native if you want to use this feature.

Resources​

For more information about animated I recommend watching this talk by Christopher Chedeau.

If you want a deep dive into animations and how offloading them to native can improve user experience there is also this talk by Krzysztof Magiera.

Many of you have started playing with some of our new List components already after our teaser announcement in the community group, but we are officially announcing them today! No more ListView s or DataSource s, stale rows, ignored bugs, or excessive memory consumption - with the latest React Native March 2017 release candidate ( 0.43-rc.1 ) you can pick from the new suite of components what best fits your use-case, with great perf and feature sets out of the box:

<FlatList> ​

This is the workhorse component for simple, performant lists. Provide an array of data and a renderItem function and you're good to go:

<FlatList
  data={[{title: 'Title Text', key: 'item1'}, ...]}
  renderItem={({item}) => <ListItem title={item.title} />}
/>

<SectionList> ​

If you want to render a set of data broken into logical sections, maybe with section headers (e.g. in an alphabetical address book), and potentially with heterogeneous data and rendering (such as a profile view with some buttons followed by a composer, then a photo grid, then a friend grid, and finally a list of stories), this is the way to go.

<SectionList
  renderItem={({item}) => <ListItem title={item.title} />}
  renderSectionHeader={({section}) => <H1 title={section.key} />}
  sections={[ // homogeneous rendering between sections
    {data: [...], key: ...},
    {data: [...], key: ...},
    {data: [...], key: ...},
  ]}
/>

<SectionList
  sections={[ // heterogeneous rendering between sections
    {data: [...], key: ..., renderItem: ...},
    {data: [...], key: ..., renderItem: ...},
    {data: [...], key: ..., renderItem: ...},
  ]}
/>

<VirtualizedList> ​

The implementation behind the scenes with a more flexible API. Especially handy if your data is not in a plain array (e.g. an immutable list).

Features​

Lists are used in many contexts, so we packed the new components full of features to handle the majority of use cases out of the box:

• Scroll loading ( onEndReached ).
• Pull to refresh ( onRefresh / refreshing ).
• Configurable viewability (VPV) callbacks ( onViewableItemsChanged / viewabilityConfig ).
• Horizontal mode ( horizontal ).
• Intelligent item and section separators.
• Multi-column support ( numColumns )
• scrollToEnd , scrollToIndex , and scrollToItem
• Better Flow typing.

Some Caveats​

• The internal state of item subtrees is not preserved when content scrolls out of the render window. Make sure all your data is captured in the item data or external stores like Flux, Redux, or Relay.

• These components are based on PureComponent which means that they will not re-render if props remains shallow-equal. Make sure that everything your renderItem function depends on directly is passed as a prop that is not === after updates, otherwise your UI may not update on changes. This includes the data prop and parent component state. For example:

  <FlatList
    data={this.state.data}
    renderItem={({item}) => (
      <MyItem
        item={item}
        onPress={() =>
          this.setState(oldState => ({
            selected: {
              // New instance breaks `===`
              ...oldState.selected, // copy old data
              [item.key]: !oldState.selected[item.key], // toggle
            },
          }))
        }
        selected={
          !!this.state.selected[item.key] // renderItem depends on state
        }
      />
    )}
    selected={
      // Can be any prop that doesn't collide with existing props
      this.state.selected // A change to selected should re-render FlatList
    }
  />
  

• In order to constrain memory and enable smooth scrolling, content is rendered asynchronously offscreen. This means it's possible to scroll faster than the fill rate and momentarily see blank content. This is a tradeoff that can be adjusted to suit the needs of each application, and we are working on improving it behind the scenes.

• By default, these new lists look for a key prop on each item and use that for the React key. Alternatively, you can provide a custom keyExtractor prop.

Performance​

Besides simplifying the API, the new list components also have significant performance enhancements, the main one being nearly constant memory usage for any number of rows. This is done by 'virtualizing' elements that are outside of the render window by completely unmounting them from the component hierarchy and reclaiming the JS memory from the react components, along with the native memory from the shadow tree and the UI views. This has a catch which is that internal component state will not be preserved, so make sure you track any important state outside of the components themselves, e.g. in Relay or Redux or Flux store.

Limiting the render window also reduces the amount of work that needs to be done by React and the native platform, e.g from view traversals. Even if you are rendering the last of a million elements, with these new lists there is no need to iterate through all those elements in order to render. You can even jump to the middle with scrollToIndex without excessive rendering.

We've also made some improvements with scheduling which should help with application responsiveness. Items at the edge of the render window are rendered infrequently and at a lower priority after any active gestures or animations or other interactions have completed.

Advanced Usage​

Unlike ListView , all items in the render window are re-rendered any time any props change. Often this is fine because the windowing reduces the number of items to a constant number, but if your items are on the complex side, you should make sure to follow React best practices for performance and use React.PureComponent and/or shouldComponentUpdate as appropriate within your components to limit re-renders of the recursive subtree.

If you can calculate the height of your rows without rendering them, you can improve the user experience by providing the getItemLayout prop. This makes it much smoother to scroll to specific items with e.g. scrollToIndex , and will improve the scroll indicator UI because the height of the content can be determined without rendering it.

If you have an alternative data type, like an immutable list, <VirtualizedList> is the way to go. It takes a getItem prop that lets you return the item data for any given index and has looser flow typing.

There are also a bunch of parameters you can tweak if you have an unusual use case. For example, you can use windowSize to trade off memory usage vs. user experience, maxToRenderPerBatch to adjust fill rate vs. responsiveness, onEndReachedThreshold to control when scroll loading happens, and more.

Future Work​

• Migration of existing surfaces (ultimately deprecation of ListView ).
• More features as we see/hear the need (let us know!).
• Sticky section header support.
• More performance optimizations.
• Support functional item components with state.

At Facebook, we often need to access deeply nested values in data structures fetched with GraphQL. On the way to accessing these deeply nested values, it is common for one or more intermediate fields to be nullable. These intermediate fields may be null for a variety of reasons, from failed privacy checks to the mere fact that null happens to be the most flexible way to represent non-fatal errors.

Unfortunately, accessing these deeply nested values is currently tedious and verbose.

props.user &&
  props.user.friends &&
  props.user.friends[0] &&
  props.user.friends[0].friends;

There is an ECMAScript proposal to introduce the existential operator which will make this much more convenient. But until a time when that proposal is finalized, we want a solution that improves our quality of life, maintains existing language semantics, and encourages type safety with Flow.

We came up with an existential function we call idx .

idx(props, _ => _.user.friends[0].friends);

The invocation in this code snippet behaves similarly to the boolean expression in the code snippet above, except with significantly less repetition. The idx function takes exactly two arguments:

• Any value, typically an object or array into which you want to access a nested value.
• A function that receives the first argument and accesses a nested value on it.

In theory, the idx function will try-catch errors that are the result of accessing properties on null or undefined. If such an error is caught, it will return either null or undefined. (And you can see how this might be implemented in idx.js.)

In practice, try-catching every nested property access is slow, and differentiating between specific kinds of TypeErrors is fragile. To deal with these shortcomings, we created a Babel plugin that transforms the above idx invocation into the following expression:

props.user == null
  ? props.user
  : props.user.friends == null
  ? props.user.friends
  : props.user.friends[0] == null
  ? props.user.friends[0]
  : props.user.friends[0].friends;

Finally, we added a custom Flow type declaration for idx that allows the traversal in the second argument to be properly type-checked while permitting nested access on nullable properties.

The function, Babel plugin, and Flow declaration are now available on GitHub. They are used by installing the idx and babel-plugin-idx npm packages, and adding “idx” to the list of plugins in your .babelrc file.

Today we’re announcing Create React Native App: a new tool that makes it significantly easier to get started with a React Native project! It’s heavily inspired by the design of Create React App and is the product of a collaboration between Facebook and Expo (formerly Exponent).

Many developers struggle with installing and configuring React Native’s current native build dependencies, especially for Android. With Create React Native App, there’s no need to use Xcode or Android Studio, and you can develop for your iOS device using Linux or Windows. This is accomplished using the Expo app, which loads and runs CRNA projects written in pure JavaScript without compiling any native code.

Try creating a new project (replace with suitable yarn commands if you have it installed):

$ npm i -g create-react-native-app
$ create-react-native-app my-project
$ cd my-project
$ npm start

This will start the React Native packager and print a QR code. Open it in the Expo app to load your JavaScript. Calls to console.log are forwarded to your terminal. You can make use of any standard React Native APIs as well as the Expo SDK.

What about native code?​

Many React Native projects have Java or Objective-C/Swift dependencies that need to be compiled. The Expo app does include APIs for camera, video, contacts, and more, and bundles popular libraries like Airbnb’s react-native-maps, or Facebook authentication. However if you need a native code dependency that Expo doesn’t bundle then you’ll probably need to have your own build configuration for it. Just like Create React App, “ejecting” is supported by CRNA.

You can run npm run eject to get a project very similar to what react-native init would generate. At that point you’ll need Xcode and/or Android Studio just as you would if you started with react-native init , adding libraries with react-native link will work, and you’ll have full control over the native code compilation process.

Questions? Feedback?​

Create React Native App is now stable enough for general use, which means we’re very eager to hear about your experience using it! You can find me on Twitter or open an issue on the GitHub repository. Pull requests are very welcome!